Hair waving apparatus



NOV. 17, 1936. p, SANTURELLO 2,061,212

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 19, 1935 I N V EN T 0R. Pefer Sanfure/lo ATTORNE S.

Patented Nov. 17, 1936 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

My invention relates to hair-waving apparatus. It has to do, more particularly, with the provision of a device upon which the hair may be wound and tightened as a preliminary step in the permanent wave hair-dressing process.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide hair-waving apparatus of the type indicated which is very simple in structure and which can be used in a simple and eiTective manner.

Another object of my invention is to provide a device of the type indicated having an easily manipulated hair gripping and scalp protecting member which will not injure the hair and which is of such a nature that it will automatically adjust itself to grip firmly strands of hair of various sizes.

Another object of my invention is to provide a hair waving device of the type indicated which is of such a character that the hair may be wound thereon in various ways so that various types of waves may be produced and which will occupy a minimum amount of space when finally positioned on the head.

Another object of'my invention is to provide a device of the type indicated having means for placing all parts of the hair, wound upon the mandrel thereof, under substantially equal tensional strains, such means being of such a type that, during the stretching of the hair on the mandrel, no portion of the hair will be subjected to excessive strains thereby causing injury thereto.

In its preferred form my invention contemplates the provision of hair waving apparatus embodying a hair gripping and scalp protecting member and a mandrel upon which the hair is adapted to be wound. The mandrel may be removably mounted on the hair gripping member. The hair gripping member is of such a nature that it may be readily applied to strands of hair of various sizes and will automatically adjust itself to the various sizes of strands so that it will firmly grip any strand of hair to which it is applied. The hair is adapted to be wound on the mandrel before it is mounted on the hair gripping device. After the hair gripping device is applied to the hair and the hair is wound on the mandrel, the mandrel may be readily mounted on the hair gripping device and may be operated to tighten or tension the hair thereon. The hair is tightened on the mandrel in such a manner that all portions thereof are subjected to substantially equal tensional stresses and no portion of the lock or strand of hair is subjected to excessive tensional strains which would cause injury thereto. Furthermore, means is provided for maintaining the hair in tightened condition on the mandrel after it is tightened thereon.

The preferred embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts and wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the hair gripping and scalp protecting member showing it in opened position.

Figure 2 is a perspective View of the mandrel which may be removably mounted on the hair gripping device of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the hair gripping member showing it in substantially closed condition.

Figure 4 is a side elevation of the hair gripping member.

Figure 5 is a detail in section showing a portion of the mandrel and the base plate on which it is mounted and illustrating the spring clutch which permits rotation of the mandrel relative to the base plate in one direction but precludes rotation in the opposite direction. 25

Figure 6 is a view illustrating how the hair gripping device is first applied to the hair.

Figure 7 shows the hair being wound on the mandrel after the gripping device has been applied thereto.

Figure 8 is a. view showing how the mandrel is positioned on the hair gripping member after the hair is wound on the mandrel and illustrating how the mandrel may be rotated to tension the hair thereon. 35

Figure 9 is a view illustrating how the mandrel may be moved relative to the gripping device so that it may easily be removed therefrom.

With reference to the drawing and particularly to Figures 1, 3 and 4, I have illustrated the hair gripping member I which forms a part of my hair waving apparatus. This member I not only serves to grip the hair but also protects the scalp from the steam or hot waving fluid during the waving process. 45

This hair gripping member I comprises a pair of metallic plates 2 which are spaced apart as at 3 to permit air to circulate between them. Both of these plates are correspondingly cut away to form a recess or open ended slot 4 in the device which will receive the strand or lock of hair. The lowermost plate 2 has a pad of felt or other suitable material which will protect the scalp from heat. This pad 5 is cut away similar to the plates ing I 0 in the spring 1.

2 to provide a slot or recess which receives the strand or lock of hair.

The top plate 2 is further cut away adjacent one of its edges as at 6 and a fiat spring member I is disposed at this point. This fiat spring member has one end secured to the uppermost plate 2 by rivets or other suitable means as at 8. The spring member is so mounted that it will be spaced above the bottom plate 2. This spring member has a ball knob 9 on its outer or free end. It also has a plurality of spaced openings it formed therein.

A swinging arm II is provided for aiding in gripping the hair and retaining it within the recess of slot 4 formed in the body portion of the member I. This arm Ii embodies a pair of strips of metal l2 which are spaced apart throughout their length but which are brought together at their rear ends as at l3 and at their forward ends as at I 4 where they are secured together. The rear end of this arm is pivoted to the body portion of the member l as at l5. The forward or free end of the arm is provided with a ball knob I6. Also, the free end of the arm is provided with a projection I l. The space between the strips Q2 of the arm receives a rubber block member l3 which merely slips into said space and may be removed therefrom. The space between the two plates 2 also has a rubber block or member l9 inserted therein.

It will be apparent that when the arm H is in the position indicated in Figure 1, a strand or look of hair may be readily slipped therein. The arm member is then swung downwardly so that its free end will pass between the lower plate 2 and the spring 7. The hair will be gripped between the two rubber surfaces 18 and i9. The projection I! on the arm H, as the arm is swung into operative position, will engage with the open It will finally rest in one of said openings depending upon the size of the bunch or look inserted therein. The hair will be firmly gripped and the projection I1 fitting in the proper opening will maintain this firm grip.

The device, it will be understood, will automati cally adjust itself to grip firmly any strand or look of hair regardless of its size. The arm ll may be moved into firm gripping relation with the hair by engaging the ball knob IS with the thumb and forcing it inwardly. When it is desired to remove the hair gripping member from the hair,

it is merely necessary to engage the ball member 9 with the thumb and to raise the free end of the spring 1 until the projection I1 is disengaged from the opening I0.

The mandrel on which the hair is to be wound is illustrated best in Figures 2, 5 and 7. This mandrel 20 may be of any suitable shape and is preferably made of solid metal. In order to secure the free end of a strand or look of hair to the mandrel, a member 2| is provided which is pivoted thereto as at 22 for swing relative to the mandrel. When the member 22 is in operative position it embraces the mandrel as indicated in Figure 2. The free end of the strand or look of hair is adapted to be placed beneath the member 2i and when the hair is then wound around the mandrel and the member 2|, the free end will be gripped by the member 2 I. This member 2| is preferably provided with a plurality of openings 23 which will permit the heat and waving fluid to pass beneath the member 2| and reach any hair disposed therebeneath.

The mandrel 2!! is mounted on a base plate 24 in such a manner that it may be rotated in one direction relative thereto but will be precluded from rotating in an opposite direction relative thereto. This, as will be explained later, is to permit tightening or tensioning of the hair on the mandrel after it has been wound thereon. As shown in Figure 5, the base plate 24 has a cylindrical socket member 25 formed integrally therewith on its upper surface. The socket 25 is adapted to receive the reduced tubular portion 26 on the lower end of the mandrel 20. The portion 26 is free to rotate in the socket 25. The mandrel has a cylindrical chamber 21 formed in its lower end and the base plate 24 has an upstanding tubular member 28 projecting upwardly therefrom and into the chamber 2'5 of the mandrel. The chamber 2? of the mandrel is larger in diameter than the tubular member 28 so that an annular space will be formed therebetween. Within this annular space and in surrounding relation to the tubular portion 28 is a coil spring 28. This spring 29 has one of its ends attached to the member 28 as at 38 but its other end is free. A screw 3? passes through the tubular member 28 and is threaded into the mandrel as at 32. This screw 32 holds the mandrel and the base plate together. The spring 29 is completely enclosed at all times during use of the device and thus will be protected at all times from dirt, moisture, etc.

t will be apparent that when the mandrel is rotated in one direction relative to the base plate, the spring 29 will not interfere with such rotation. However, if it is attempted to rotate the mandrel in the opposite direction, the spring 29 will be expanded against the wall of the chamber ill in the mandrel and prevent such rotation since the spring is secured to the tubular member 28 which is a part of the base plate 24. Thus, rotation of the mandrel in one direction relative to the base plate is permitted but not in an opposite direction. The upper end of the mandrel has a member 33 keyed thereon embodying a pair of outwardly projecting lugs which may be gripped by the fingers in rotating the mandrel.

portion 34 which is of the same width as the recessed portion 4 in the hair gripping member I. At one side of the slot or recessed portion 34 it is cut deeper as at 35 for a purpose to be explained. The lower surface of the plate 24 is fiat and adjacent one edge thereof a depending pin 36 is pro vided. This pin 36 is adapted to cooperate with a slot 31, formed in the upper plate 2 of the hair gripping member I, in mounting the mandrel on the hair gripping member.

In using my hair waving apparatus, the hair gripping member I is first applied to the hair as indicated in Figure 6. It will firmly grip the hair and will protect the scalp. Next, the free end of the strand or look of hair is placed beneath the gripping member 2| which is pressed against the mandrel with the fingers to hold the hair therebetween. The hair is then wound on the mandrel in a counter-clockwise direction as indicated in Figure '7. The hair is preferably wound in such a manner that when all of it has been wound on the mandrel, the lower end of the mandrel will have been reached as indicated in Figure '7. Then the mandrel is swung around until the lower portion of the strand of hair is disposed in the recessed portion 34 in the base plate 8. Since this recessed portion is wide, this may be readily done. At this time, the pin 36 is inserted in the slot 31 and the device will appear as it does in Figure 8.

The base plate 24 will rest against the upper surface of the upper plate 2 of the hair gripping device I. At this time the mandrel 20 isrotated relative to the base plate in a counter-clockwise direction as indicated by the arrows in Figure 8. This will cause the hair to be tightened or tensioned on the mandrel.

Because the base plate 24 is comparatively large, the mandrel will readily remain in an upright position on the hair gripping member and will not tilt thereon. Tightening of the hair on the mandrel causes the mandrel and, consequently, the base plate 24 to be pulled downwardly so that the base plate will firmly contact therewith and frictional contact will prevent movement of' the base plate relative to the hair gripping member. The hair gripping member will firmly grip the hair and, therefore, tightening of the hair on the mandrel will cause no discomfort to the patron. Although the means for mounting the mandrel on the hair gripping device is very simple, after the hair is tightened on the mandrel, the mandrel will be firmly held on the hair gripping member. As the hair is tightened on the mandrel it will be gathered over into the deeper portion 35 of the recessed portion 34 in the base plate, as indicated in Figure 8. Because rotation of the mandrel 20 relative to the base plate 24 in an opposite direction is precluded, when the hair is once tightened or tensioned on the mandrel it will remain tightened or tensioned until it is desired to remove the mandrel. When the mandrel is properly mounted on the hair gripping member, the recessed portion 34 in the base plate coincides with the recessed portion 4 in the hair gripping member.

To remove the mandrel from the hair gripping member, it is merely necessary to tiltthe mandrel in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 9 towards the side of the gripping member that has the recessed portion 4. Tilting of the mandrel in this direction will be permitted even when the hair is tightened thereon and this will cause tilting of the base plate 24 relative to the gripping member I and permit the pin 36 to move out of the slot 37. Then the hair may be readily unwound from the mandrel and the hair gripping member I may be removed.

As shown in Figure 8 when the entire device is applied to the hair, the mandrel will occupy an upright position and will not take up much space. Consequently, a number of these devices may be disposed close together on the head. The hair may be wound on the mandrel in any desired manner either to form a croquignole, spiral, half -spiral and half-croquignole, or any other types of waves.

It will be apparent from the above description that I have provided hair waving apparatus haviny many desirable features. The apparatus is of very simple structure and can be used in a simple and effective manner. The hair gripping member is of such a nature that it may be easily manipulated to grip strands or locks of hair regardless of their size. This gripping member will not injure the hair and is so constructed that it will completely protect the scalp from excessive heat. The mandrel is of such a nature that the hair may be readily wound thereon and it can be easily mounted on or removed from the hair gripping member. Also, the hair may be readily tightened or tensioned thereon without subjecting any portions thereof to excessive tensional stresses.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A hair waving device comprising a mandrel,

a base plate upon which said mandrel is mounted, means for mounting said mandrel on said base plate in such a manner as to permit rotation thereof in one direction but to preclude rotation thereof in an opposite direction relative to said base plate, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of a lock of hair thereto, a hair gripping device for gripping the lock of hair adjacent the scalp, said hair gripping device having a flat upper surface of comparatively great area, said' base plate having a flat lower surface of comparatively greater area than the cross-sectional area of the lower end of the mandrel adapted to rest against the flat surface of said gripping device, means for detachably securing said base plate to said gripping device in such a manner that the flat surface of the base plate rests on the fiat surface of the hair gripping device so as to prevent tilting of the mandrel relative to said device, said means comprising a depending pin on said base plate which fits into a cooperating slot formed in said gripping device.

'2. A hair waving device comprising a mandrel, a base plate upon which said mandrel is mounted and being of substantially greater area than the cross-sectional area of the lower end of the mandrel, means for mounting said mandrel on said base plate in such a manner that it will be maintained in an upright position thereon and in such a manner as to permit rotation thereof in one direction but to preclude rotation thereof in an opposite direction relative to said base plate, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of a lock of hair thereto, said means comprising a member pivoted to the mandrel for swinging between operative and inoperative positions, a hair gripping device for gripping the lock of hair adjacent the scalp, said hair gripping device including a body portion having a recess therein for receiving the strand of hair and an arm member pivoted thereto for swinging into a position where it will maintain the hair in said recess, said hair gripping device having a flat upper surface, said base plate having a flat lower surface adapted to rest against the fiat surface of said gripping device, and means for detachably securing said base plate to said gripping device With the base plate resting on said device to prevent tipping of the mandrel relative thereto, said base plate having a recess therein which coincides with the recess in said hair gripping device when the base plate is mounted thereon.

3. A hair waving device comprising a mandrel, a base plate upon which said mandrel is mounted and being of substantially greater area than the cross-sectional area of the lower end of the mandrel, means for mounting said mandrel on said base plate in such a manner as to permit rotation thereof in one direction but to preclude rotation thereof in an opposite direction relative to said base plate, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of a lock of hair thereto, a hair gripping device for gripping the lock of hair adjacent the scalp, said hair gripping device comprising a body portion having an arm member pivotally secured thereto and swingable into and out of operative position relative thereto, means for automatically locking said arm member in operative position, said hair gripping device having a fiat upper surface, said base plate having a flat lower surface adapted to rest against the fiat surface of said gripping device, and means for detachably securing said base plate to said gripping device with the base plate resting on said device to prevent tipping of the mandrel relative there- 4. A hair waving device comprising a mandrel, a base plate vupon which said mandrel is mounted and being of substantially greater area than the cross-sectional area of the lower end of the mandrel, means for mounting said mandrel on said base plate in such a manner as to permit rotation thereof in one direction but to preclude rotation thereof in an opposite direction relative to said base plate, means on said mandrel for securing the free end of a lock of hair thereto, a hair gripping device for gripping the lock of hair adjacent the scalp, said hair gripping device comprising a body portion having an arm member pivotally secured thereto and swingable into and out of operative position relative thereto, means for automatically locking said arm member in operative position so that it will firmly grip the strand of hair between it and said body portion regardless of the size thereof, and means for detachably mounting said base plate on said hair gripping device with the base plate resting on said device to prevent tipping of the mandrel relative thereto. I

5. A hair waving device comprising a hair clamping member, said hair clamping member comprising a main body portion, an arm member pivotally mounted on said main body portion and swingable intoand out of operative position, means for automatically locking said swingable arm in operative position, said means comprising a resilient strip of material adapted to lie in superimposed relation to the outer end of said arm and to resiliently contact therewith, one of said superimposed members having a projection thereon which fits into a socket formed in the other of said members, a mandrel; a base plate of substantially greater area than the cross-sectional area of the lower end of the mandrel, said mandrel being secured to the base plate in such a manner that it may rotate in one direction relative thereto but will be precluded from rotating in an opposite direction relative thereto, and means for detachably securing said base plate to said hair clamping member with the base plate resting on said device to prevent tipping of the mandrel relative thereto.

6. A hair waving device comprisinga hair gripping member adapted togrip the hair adjacent the scalp, said hair gripping member comprising a main body portion, an arm member pivotally mounted on said main body portion and swingable into and out of operative position, means for automatically locking said swingable arm in operative position, said means comprising a resilient strip of material adapted to lie in superimposed relation to the outer end of said arm and to resiliently contact therewith, one of said superimposed members having a projection thereon which fits into a socket formed in the other of said members, a mandrel, a base plate of substantially greater area than the cross-sectional area of the lower end of the mandrel, means for securing the lower end of said mandrel to said base plate in such a manner that it may rotate in one direction relative thereto but will be precluded from rotating in an opposite direction relative thereto, means on said mandrel for gripping the free end of the hair, and means for detachably securing said base plate to said hair gripping member in such a manner that the base plate rests on said device to prevent tipping of the mandrel relative thereto so that the mandrel will be disposed in an upright position.

' PETER SANTURELLO. 

